The Use of Multispectral Imaging and Single Seed and Bulk Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Characterize Seed Covering Structures: Methods and Applications in Seed Testing and Research

The objective of seed testing is to provide high-quality seeds in terms high varietal identity and purity, germination capacity, health. Across the industry, it widely acknowledged that quality assessment needs an upgrade improvement by inclusion faster more cost-effective techniques. Consequently, there a need develop apply new techniques alongside classical methods, increase efficiency, reduce analysis time, meet stakeholders testing. Multispectral imaging (MSI) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are both quick non-destructive methods attract attention research industry. This review addresses potential benefits challenges using MSI NIRS for with comprehensive focus on applications physical physiological as well